Objective:
To assess the changing prevalence of myopia in Europe and its implications for public health and clinical practice, particularly in early detection and management.
Key Findings:
- Overall prevalence of myopia in Europe is between 23.5% and 24.9%, with significant geographical disparities.
- Adolescent myopia rates can reach nearly 50% in some cohorts, particularly in Southern Europe.
- High myopia (≤-6.00D) affects over 3% of the European population, posing long-term health risks.
- Measurement techniques significantly impact reported myopia prevalence, with cycloplegic studies showing lower rates compared to non-cycloplegic methods.
Interpretation:
Europe is experiencing a shift in myopia prevalence, influenced by modern lifestyle factors such as increased educational demands, urbanization, and reduced outdoor activity, which collectively heighten myopia risk.
Limitations:
- Variability in measurement techniques may lead to overestimation of myopia prevalence, complicating public health responses.
- Lack of standardized diagnostic protocols across EU member states.
Conclusion:
Europe is at a critical juncture regarding myopia management, necessitating standardized protocols and proactive management strategies to address the rising prevalence and mitigate future public health impacts.
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