Objective:
To identify dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) as a potential protective factor against myopia in children aged 6–8 years.
Approach:
- Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis using data from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study (HKCES) involving 1,005 Chinese children.
- Measurements: Cycloplegic refraction measured via autorefractometry and axial length determined through optical biometry.
- Dietary Assessment: Dietary intake evaluated using a validated 280-item food-frequency questionnaire tailored for the Hong Kong population.
- Adjustments: Analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI, near-work and outdoor activity, and parental myopia history.
Key Findings:
- Children in the highest quartile of ω-3 PUFA intake had significantly shorter axial length (AL) and less myopic refractive error compared to those in the lowest quartile.
- Lower ω-3 PUFA intake was independently associated with a higher risk of myopia.
- High intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) was linked to longer AL and more negative refractive error.
- No significant associations were found for carbohydrate, protein, micronutrient, or vitamin D intake.
Interpretation:
Limitations:
- The differences in axial length and refraction were modest.
- The study is cross-sectional, limiting causal inferences.
Conclusion:
Sources:
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